The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. Four good reasons to indulge in cryptocurrency! It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. [10] A contemporary writer and Henry's biographer, Bernard Andr, also made much of Henry's Welsh descent. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. [13] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. My obsession is European history from the 12th through 17th centuries - especially British history - so of course, when I was offered the chance to review this book, my interest was piqued immediately. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. It was no easy feat. [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Blair Worden's The English Civil Wars is published by Phoenix. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. In 1502 the death of his heir Arthur left the dynasty's prospects with Arthur's 10-year-old brother, Henry. His bouts of grave illness brought the question repeatedly to the fore. Henry VII | Biography & Facts | Britannica Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. I wasn't disappointed because, as usual, he did a great job with the narration. He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. Penn notes something else about the paeans on the son's accession: later in the Tudor period, apologists for the regime would remember Henry VII as the restorer of national peace and unity, but in 1509 it was the king's death, not his rule, that was held to have ended a long era of dark instability. Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . 1517. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. Reasonably interesting overview of the reign of Henry VII of England. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. [22] Thus, anyone who had fought for Richard against him would be guilty of treason and Henry could legally confiscate the lands and property of Richard III, while restoring his own. [77][78] His mother died two months later on 29 June 1509. Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. To strengthen his position, however, he subsidised shipbuilding, so strengthening the navy (he commissioned Europe's first ever and the world's oldest surviving dry dock at Portsmouth in 1495) and improving trading opportunities. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. "King Henry VII" redirects here. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Henry VIII - Tudor History [58], Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. [66], Henry wanted to maintain the Spanish alliance. [34], When the King's agents searched the property of William Stanley (Chamberlain of the Household, with direct access to Henry VII) they found a bag of coins amounting to around 10,000 and a collar of livery with Yorkist garnishings. [55] Since alum was mined in only one area in Europe (Tolfa, Italy), it was a scarce commodity and therefore especially valuable to its land holder, the Pope. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. [23] After his coronation Henry issued an edict that any gentleman who swore fealty to him would, notwithstanding any previous attainder, be secure in his property and person. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. Warbeck was finally captured in 1497 and executed. [citation needed], Henry began taking precautions against rebellion while still in Leicester after Bosworth Field. Henry gained the support of the Woodvilles, in-laws of the late Edward IV, and sailed with a small French and Scottish force, landing at Mill Bay near Dale, Pembrokeshire. The King, normally a reserved man who rarely showed much emotion in public unless angry, surprised his courtiers by his intense grief and sobbing at his son's death, while his concern for the Queen is evidence that the marriage was a happy one, as is his reaction to Queen Elizabeth's death the following year, when he shut himself away for several days, refusing to speak to anyone. [8], In 1456, Henry's father Edmund Tudor was captured while fighting for Henry VI in South Wales against the Yorkists. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. [29] Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. He rewrote history by backdating his reign to 21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. Castles of . The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais. The portly Henry VIII, and the ill-fated destinies of most of his six wives, is one of the first historical figures primary-aged pupils are aware of.. However, such a level of paranoia persisted that anyone (John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, for example)[27] with blood ties to the Plantagenets was suspected of coveting the throne. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. I couldn't even stay awake reading this. Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. The usurpation of Richard III (1483), however, split the Yorkist party and gave Henry his opportunity. An ally of Henry's, Viscount Jean du Qulennec[fr], soon arrived, bringing news that Francis had recovered, and in the confusion Henry was able to flee to a monastery. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. [37], For most of Henry VII's reign Edward Story was Bishop of Chichester. After the Holy Roman Emperor . Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. Alison Weir points out that the Rennes ceremony, two years earlier, was plausible only if Henry and his supporters were certain that the Princes were already dead. Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard III as a usurper.