Experiences and Coping Strategies of College Students Michaels, P. J., Corrigan, P. W., Kanodia, N., Buchholz, B., & Abelson, S. (2015). Shift in Predictive Roles of PsyCap HERO Dimensions Check in with your child frequently and listen to their concerns. The survey link was also distributed via a national counselor education listserv, and it was shared on the authors social media platforms. Objectives To assess the psychological distress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler as a well-being measure for student veterans. Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. Psychological capital and beyond. Students https://news.gallup.com/poll/310250/worry-stress-fuel-record-drop-life-satisfaction.aspx, Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2015). 2022 Nov 1;19(21):14282. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114282. Specifically, we found coping through self-blame playing a mediating role between PERMA factors and two of the HERO dimensionsresilience and hope. (2017). University students strategies of coping with stress during the COVID-19 hastened a trend that was already ongoing before the pandemic outbreak: the progressively increasing use of distance and online teaching and learning, alongside with lectures and classes. I UI Undergraduate (n = 142), II UII Undergraduate (n = 100), III UIII Undergraduate (n = 104), I GI Graduate (n = 66), II GII Graduate (n = 70), I-III MI-III uniform Masters studies (n = 64), IV-V MIV-V uniform Masters studies (n = 31). Coping with COVID-19-related stress as a student Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267283. I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure or funding contributions for the development Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Flourishing (or well-being) is defined as a dynamic optimal state of psychosocial functioning that arises from functioning well across multiple psychosocial domains (Butler & Kern, 2016, p. 2). The average scores of negative emotion and loneliness increased from 4.46 and 3.86 to 5.85 and 5.94, respectively. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157166, Gallagher, R. P. (2014). Moderate level of perceived stress is indicated among the BSc Nursing students studying in nursing colleges located in Pune, with mean perceived stress score of the students Nurses being 21.88, and the mean coping strategies score was 74.38. From the Great Depression to 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, victims of these life-shattering events have had to deal with their present circumstances and were also left with worries about how life and society would be inexorably altered in the future. The uncertainties arising from COVID-19 have added to anticipatory anxiety regarding the future (Ray, 2019; Witters & Harter, 2020). The COVID-19 pandemic may be stressful. Significant risk factors were poor health, prior trauma, poor family functioning, Of Covid-19 On Childrens Social Skills In this study, accepting the realities, using alternative affirmative explanations, seeking social support for meeting emotional needs, and engaging in active problem-focused coping behaviors seem to be the most helpful ways to counter the negative effects of the pandemic on well-being. for Students A non-empirical research design was adopted for this study. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510676, Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Prior to COVID-19, the PsyCap dimensions of optimism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of well-being. Interventions that are described as well-being approaches rather than those that highlight pathologies are less stigmatizing (Hunt & Eisenberg, 2010; Umucu et al., 2020) than traditional deficit-based therapeutic approaches. And having to stay home can be lonely. International journal of mental health nursing. The data were screened and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v25). Coping Perhaps youre juggling your childrens educational needs as well as your own. Guarding Your Joy: Keeping Your Mental Wellness High On Your Agenda, 7 Tips For Keeping A Routine For Your Wellness, Your Employees Are Stressed: Why Digital Mental Health Solutions Are Important In These Unpredictable Times And Beyond, Social Distancing And Staying Connected Through Games, Your Feelings (About Coronavirus) Are Valid, 10 Things You Can Do Besides Watch The News, A College Students 7 Tips For Transitioning To Online Classes. -. Web1. Whether youre a graduate student or an undergrad, youre probably feeling anxious, sad and uncertain. I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. With schools around the country closed, students are facing unprecedented change. Psychological capital development: Toward a micro-intervention. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227238. Another thing you cant control? The impact of COVID-19 on student equity and inclusion: Supporting vulnerable students during school closures and school re-openings 19 November 2020 Abstract A holistic approach to education that addresses students learning, social and emotional needs is crucial, especially in times of crisis. Journal of College Student Development, 56(8), 872875. P = Positive Emotion, In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. This study examined the relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), coping strategies, and well-being among 609 university students using self-report measures. Mental health priorities: Stigma elimination and community advocacy in college settings. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679704. From Academic Resilience to Academic Burnout among Before the onset of COVID-19, 23% of the variance in well-being was explained by the PsyCap dimensions (R2 = .23, p < .001), with self-efficacy and optimism as the most significant predictors of well-being. Students Evaluation of stress and coping skills of nursing students during a https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpr051, Dello Russo, S., & Stoykova, P. (2015). Students at a The predictive role of hope was negligible before COVID-19. WebCoping with the Crisis As with any difficult situation, each person relies on different coping mechanisms. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.227. Participants reported higher levels of negative emotion and loneliness after the onset of COVID-19, and a decrease in positive emotion. Crown. While PsyCap directly relates to well-being and coping strategies relate to well-being, our findings indicated that coping strategies also played a significant mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. Front. The use of LMS in learning activities can be done anywhere. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that PsyCap predicted well-being, and structural equation modeling demonstrated the mediating role of coping strategies between PsyCap and well-being. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197, Klussman, K., Nichols, A. L., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020). Below are some resources that allow for physically distant connecting. https://www.chronicle.com/article/distanced-learning, Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., Wu, J., Obuchi, M., Murphy, E. I., The coping strategy of positive reframing (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 6. Research Question 1 Epub 2021 May 12. Fig 1. With each PERMA element individually rendering to flourishing mental health, specific targeted positive psychology interventions might be offered as domain-specific interventions. Occupy your mind with puzzles. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1469738, Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). Journal of Management Development, 35(9), 10981118. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.46.4.877, Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). There is robust empirical support suggesting that individuals with higher PsyCap have higher levels of performance (job and academic); satisfaction; engagement; attitudinal, behavioral, and relational outcomes; and physical and psychological health and well-being outcomes. Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. The Brief COPE is a multidimensional inventory used to assess the different ways in which people generally respond to stressful situations. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.013, Rabenu, E., Yaniv, E., & Elizur, D. (2017). OH Simon & Schuster. Your classmates, friends or family members may be disobeying the rules about physical distancing or doing other things that add to your stress. Retrospective recall may be inaccurate (Gilbert, 2007) with participants under- or overestimating their well-being. F. Luthans et al. 2021 Apr;30(2):194-201. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1922636. The aim of this study was to understand how the sudden changes and uncertainty resulting from the pandemic affected the well-being of university students during the early period of the pandemic. Journal of American College Health, 68(3), 271277. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. coping (2009). Pandemic-Related Stress and Other Emotional Difficulties in a Sample of Men and Women Living in Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Get enough sleep. Regarding race/ethnicity, most participants identified as Caucasian (83.6%, n = 509), while the remaining participants identified as African American (5.3%, n = 32), Hispanic or Latina/o (9.5%, n = 58), American Indian (0.8%, n = 5), Asian (3.6%, n = 22), or Other (2.7%, n = 17). Such a decline in well-being following a pandemic is consistent with previous occurrences of public health crises or natural disasters (Deaton, 2012). Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Support expected during the pandemic: Type and source. Reduction in Well-Being Related to COVID-19 Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. iGen: Why todays super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happyand completely unprepared for adulthoodand what that means for the rest of us. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social Fig 3. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n10p102. The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. The relationship between psychological capital, coping with stress, well-being, and performance. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds. Future researchers should consider issues of internal consistency as they choose scales and interpret results. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Internalizing and Externalizing Disorder Levels among Adolescents: Data from Poland. If family members are distracting you, use I statements to explain the problem--Im worried about my exam next weekand work together to develop solutions. A tool to help you build resilience during difficult times. If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062106, Deaton, A. The questionnaire included items related to age, gender, race/ethnicity, relationship status, education classification, and employment status. Key findings are that the optimism, hope, and resilience dimensions of PsyCap are significant predictors of well-being, explaining a large amount of variance, with adaptive coping being conducive to flourishing. There are many ways to categorize coping responses (e.g., engagement coping and disengagement coping, problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping, accommodative coping and meaning-focused coping, proactive coping). There are a number of research-based approaches offered in the field of positive psychology to guide mental health professionals to facilitate development of PsyCap and other important well-being correlates. Skills Establish a routine. American Psychological Association. Coping Through the Coronavirus. The results allow for concluding that the students' maladaptive strategies of coping with stress, especially during the pandemic, may result in long-term consequences for their psychophysiological health and academic achievements. Coping is often defined as efforts to prevent or diminish the threat, harm, and loss, or to reduce associated distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010, p. 685). https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526, Carmona-Halty, M., Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2019). Coping During COVID-19: How to Support LGBTQ+ Youth Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). An invitation to participate, which included a link to an informed consent form and the survey, was distributed to all university students at two large U.S. public institutions in the Midwest and the South via campus-wide electronic mailing lists. Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). during Journal of Health Management, 16(2), 315326. A variety of free online assessments are also available for use by counselors, including tools that measure well-being, positive psychological resources, and character strengths of university students in addition to existing assessment batteries. The measure demonstrates acceptable reliability, cross-time stability, and evidence for convergent and divergent validity (Butler & Kern, 2016). University Students and Mental Health https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2623. Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. Guilford. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. COVID-19 How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. Try mindfulness apps. School child wearing face mask during corona virus and flu outbreak. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. Students Adaptive coping strategies were also conducive to well-being. Recognize that the current circumstances are hard for everyone. Psychological capital and well-being. You want to measure coping but your protocols too long: Consider the Brief COPE. In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, to be a public health emergency of international concern, and the effects continue to be widespread and ongoing. Changes in PERMA elements were calculated by subtracting PERMA scores reported retrospectively by participants before the pandemic from scores reported at the time of data collection during COVID-19, and a repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to examine the difference. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 61(3), 131142. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2015-0091. Research Question 3 Bookshelf High levels of stress are expected when crises affect peoples lives. The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Yet, despite the rapid emergence of these important studies, we still know little about how college students . Whether its an internship, dissertation defense or graduation ceremony, important events may not happen this year. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support. WebCoping During Covid-19. Do coping strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. These include approaches to building positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2009); coping strategies, which were found in this study to boost well-being (Jardin et al., 2018; Lyubomirsky, 2008); and effective goal pursuits (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Your classes may now be virtual. https://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ARCHIVES/GENERAL/ACCA_US/A081007G.pdf, Teixeira RJ, Brando T, Dores AR. Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. Seligmans multidimensional model integrates both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being, and each of the well-being components is seen to have the following three properties: (a) it contributes to well-being, (b) it is pursued for its own sake, and (c) it is defined and measured independently from the other components (Seligman, 2011). (1993). Psychological capital: A review and synthesis. Similarly, religion also tended to be an adaptive coping strategy during the pandemic. Make sure to validate their emotions, letting them know their feelings and frustrations are understandable. Northwestern University. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800332, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Avey, J. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. Point-biserial correlation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships of demographic variables, PsyCap, and coping strategies with change in PERMA scores. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Or consider trying a new activity that you havent tried before. Multivariate multiple regression was carried out to understand the predictive role of PsyCap on PERMA at two time points (before and during COVID-19). Students use of religious coping, Fig 7. The newly revised approach to foundation skills must deal with this inherent challenge. * p < .05, ** p < .01. WebCOVID-19 pandemic made a sudden shift of all ages to online learning and distance learning instructions. Are you able to do these activities? https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9477-4, Ray, J. Ask your supervisor for help. Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. Coping strategies were evaluated using the Brief COPE questionnaire (Carver, 1997), which is a short form (28 items) of the original COPE inventory (Carver et al., 1989). With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. 2023. Among the PERMA elements, engagement and physical health were least impacted by COVID-19, whereas students experiences of positive emotion and negative emotion were the factors that were largely affected. Even something as simple as turning on your webcam during virtual classes can help you and others feel more connected. Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion. Positivity: Groundbreaking research reveals how to embrace the hidden strength of positive emotions, overcome negativity, and thrive. Therefore, this Web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from Oxford University Press. Psychiatric Services, 70(1), 6063. J Ment Health. The current study investigated the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) with university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the relationships between PsyCap (F. Luthans et al., 2007), coping strategies, and well-being of university students. Gallagher RP. during COVID-19 As expected, negative emotion and loneliness significantly increased during the period of COVID-19, impacting overall well-being in an adverse manner. After cleaning the data, 197 surveys were excluded from the data analyses. Positive psychologists have asserted that studies of wellness and flourishing are important in understanding adaptive behaviors and the potential for growth from challenging circumstances (Joseph & Linley, 2008; Seligman, 2011). The impact of business school students psychological capital on academic performance. Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing, 1(2), 5372. Think about how you can honor what youve achieved. Given the ongoing repercussions of the pandemic, we recommend continued and longitudinal studies on well-being, coping strategies, and PsyCap. Distanced learning. Additionally, data collection methods and sample demographics would likely limit generalizability. 2022 Dec 7;19(24):16423. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416423. Finally, the moderate Cronbachs alpha reliability scores of < .70 (Field, 2013) for the subscales of the Brief COPE inventory and the engagement subscale of the PERMA-Profiler are of concern, which has also been expressed by prior researchers (Goodman et al., 2018; Iasiello et al., 2017).